§23.497 Supplementary conditions for tail wheels.

In determining the ground loads on the tail wheel and affected supporting structures, the following apply: (a) For the obstruction load, the limit ground reaction obtained in the tail down landing condition is assumed to act up and aft through the axle at 45�. The shock absorber and tire may be assumed to be in their static positions. (b) For the side load, a limit vertical ground reaction equal to the static load on the tail wheel, in combination with a side component of equal magnitude, is assumed. In addition-- (1) If a swivel is used, the tail wheel is assumed to be swiveled 90� to the airplane longitudinal axis with the resultant ground load passing through the axle; (2) If a lock, steering device, or shimmy damper is used, the tail wheel is also assumed to be in the trailing position with the side load acting at the ground contact point; and (3) The shock absorber and tire are assumed to be in their static positions. [(c) If a tail wheel, bumper, or an energy absorption device is provided to show compliance with Sec. 23.925(b), the following apply: (1) Suitable design loads must be established for the tail wheel, bumper, or energy absorption device; and (2) The supporting structure of the tail wheel, bumper, or energy absorption device must be designed to withstand the loads established in paragraph (c)(1) of this section.]