CS-25 F25 Appendix F

Part I – Test Criteria and Procedures for Showing Compliance with CS 25.853, 25.855 or 25.869 (a) Material test criteria – (1) Interior compartments occupied by crew or passengers. (i) Interior ceiling panels, interior wall panels, partitions, galley structure, large cabinet walls, structural flooring, and materials used in the construction of stowage compartments (other than underseat stowage compartments and compartments for stowing small items such as magazines and maps) must be self-extinguishing when tested vertically in accordance with the applicable portions of Part I of this Appendix. The average burn length may not exceed 15 cm (6 inches) and the average flame time after removal of the flame source may not exceed 15 seconds. Drippings from the test specimen may not continue to flame for more than an average of 3 seconds after falling. (ii) Floor covering, textiles (including draperies and upholstery), seat cushions, padding, decorative and nondecorative coated fabrics, leather, trays and galley furnishings, electrical conduit, air ducting, joint and edge covering, liners of Class B and E cargo or baggage compartments, floor panels of Class B, C, E or F cargo or baggage compartments, cargo covers and transparencies, moulded and thermoformed parts, air ducting joints, and trim strips (decorative and chafing), that are constructed of materials not covered in sub-paragraph (iv) below, must be self-extinguishing when tested vertically in accordance with the applicable portions of Part I of this Appendix or other approved equivalent means. The average burn length may not exceed 20 cm (8 inches), and the average flame time after removal of the flame source may not exceed 15 seconds. Drippings from the test specimen may not continue to flame for more than an average of 5 seconds after falling. (iii) Motion picture film must be safety film meeting the Standard Specifications for Safety Photographic Film PHI.25 (available from the American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018). If the film travels through ducts, the ducts must meet the requirements of sub-paragraph (ii) of this paragraph. (iv) Clear plastic windows and signs, parts constructed in whole or in part of elastomeric materials, edge lighted instrument assemblies consisting of two or more instruments in a common housing, seat belts, shoulder harnesses, and cargo and baggage tiedown equipment, including containers, bins, pallets, etc, used in passenger or crew compartments, may not have an average burn rate greater than 64 mm (2·5 inches) per minute when tested horizontally in accordance with the applicable portions of this Appendix. (v) Except for small parts (such as knobs, handles, rollers, fasteners, clips, grommets, rub strips, pulleys, and small electrical parts) that would not contribute significantly to the propagation of a fire and for electrical wire and cable insulation, materials in items not specified in paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (ii), (iii), or (iv) of Part I of this Appendix may not have a burn rate greater than 102 mm/min (4·0 inches per minute) when tested horizontally in accordance with the applicable portions of this Appendix. (2) Cargo and baggage compartments not occupied by crew or passengers. (i) Reserved. (ii) A cargo or baggage compartment defined in CS 25.857, as Class B or E must have a liner constructed of materials that meet the requirements of sub-paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of Part I of this Appendix and separated from the aeroplane structure (except for attachments). In addition, such liners must be subjected to the 45- degree angle test. The flame may not penetrate (pass through) the material during application of the flame or subsequent to its removal. The average flame time after removal of the flame source may not exceed 15 seconds, and the average glow time may not exceed 10 seconds. (iii) A cargo or baggage compartment defined in CS 25.857 as Class B, C, E or F must have floor panels constructed of materials which meet the requirements of sub-paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of Part I of this Appendix and which are separated from the aeroplane structure (except for attachments). Such panels must be subjected to the 45-degree angle test. The flame may not penetrate (pass through) the material during application of the flame or subsequent to its removal. The average flame time after removal of the flame source may not exceed 15 seconds, and the average glow time may not exceed 10 seconds. (iv) Insulation blankets and covers used to protect cargo must be constructed of materials that meet the requirements of sub-paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of Part I of this Appendix. Tiedown equipment (including containers, bins, and pallets) used in each cargo and baggage compartment must be constructed of materials that meet the requirements of sub-paragraph (a)(1)(v) of Part I of this Appendix. (3) Electrical system components. Insulation on electrical wire or cable installed in any area of the fuselage must be selfextinguishing when subjected to the 60 degree test specified in Part I of this Appendix. The average burn length may not exceed 76 mm (3 inches), and the average flame time after removal of the flame source may not exceed 30 seconds. Drippings from the test specimen may not continue to flame for more than an average of 3 seconds after falling. (b) Test Procedures – (1) Conditioning. Specimens must be conditioned to 21·11 ± 3°C (70 ± 5°F) and at 50% ± 5% relative humidity until moisture equilibrium is reached or for 24 hours. Each specimen must remain in the conditioning environment until it is subjected to the flame. (2) Specimen configuration. Except for small parts and electrical wire and cable insulation, materials must be tested either as a section cut from a fabricated part as installed in the aeroplane or as a specimen simulating a cut section, such as a specimen cut from a flat sheet of the material or a model of the fabricated part. The specimen may be cut from any location in a fabricated part; however, fabricated units, such as sandwich panels, may not be separated for test. Except as noted below, the specimen thickness must be no thicker than the minimum thickness to be qualified for use in the aeroplane. Test specimens of thick foam parts, such as seat cushions, must be 13 mm (½-inch) in thickness. Test specimens of materials that must meet the requirements of sub-paragraph (a)(1)(v) of Part I of this Appendix must be no more than 3·2 mm (⅛-inch) in thickness. Electrical wire and cable specimens must be the same size as used in the aeroplane. In the case of fabrics, both the warp and fill direction of the weave must be tested to determine the most critical flammability condition. Specimens must be mounted in a metal frame so that the two long edges and the upper edge are held securely during the vertical test prescribed in sub-paragraph (4) of this paragraph and the two long edges and the edge away from the flame are held securely during the horizontal test prescribed in sub-paragraph (5) of this paragraph. The exposed area of the specimen must be at least 50 mm (2 inches) wide and 31 cm (12 inches) long, unless the actual size used in the aeroplane is smaller. The edge to which the burner flame is applied must not consist of the finished or protected edge of the specimen but must be representative of the actual cross-section of the material or part as installed in the aeroplane. The specimen must be mounted in a metal frame so that all four edges are held securely and the exposed area of the specimen is at least 20 cm by 20 cm (8 inches by 8 inches) during the 45° test prescribed in sub-paragraph (6) of this paragraph. (3) Apparatus. Except as provided in sub-paragraph (7) of this paragraph, tests must be conducted in a draught-free cabinet in accordance with Federal Test Method Standard 191 Model 5903 (revised Method 5902) for the vertical test, or Method 5906 for horizontal test (av ailable from the General Services Administration, Business Service Centre, Region 3, Seventh & D Streets SW., Washington, DC 20407). Specimens, which are too large for the cabinet, must be tested in similar draught-free conditions. (4) Vertical test. A minimum of three specimens must be tested and results averaged. For fabrics, the direction of weave corresponding to the most critical flammability conditions must be parallel to the longest dimension. Each specimen must be supported vertically. The specimen must be exposed to a Bunsen or Tirril burner with a nominal 9·5 mm (⅜- inch) I.D. tube adjusted to give a flame of 38 mm (1½ inches) in height. The minimum flame temperature measured by a calibrated thermocouple pyrometer in the centre of the flame must be 843°C (1550°F). The lower edge of the specimen must be 19 mm (¾- inch) above the top edge of the burner. The flame must be applied to the centre line of the lower edge of the specimen. For materials covered by sub-paragraph (a)(1)(i) of Part I of this Appendix, the flame must be applied for 60 seconds and then removed. For materials covered by sub-paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of Part I of this Appendix, the flame must be applied for 12 seconds and then removed. Flame time, burn length, and flaming time of drippings, if any, may be recorded. The burn length determined in accordance with subparagraph (8) of this paragraph must be measured to the nearest 2·5 mm (tenth of an inch). (5) Horizontal test. A minimum of three specimens must be tested and the results averaged. Each specimen must be supported horizontally. The exposed surface, when installed in the aircraft, must be face down for the test. The specimen must be exposed to a Bunsen or Tirrill burner with a nominal 9·5 mm (⅜-inch) I.D. tube adjusted to give a flame of 38 mm (1½ inches) in height. The minimum flame temperature measured by a calibrated thermocouple pyrometer in the centre of the flame must be 843°C (1550°F). The specimen must be positioned so that the edge being tested is centred 19 mm (¾-inch) above the top of the burner. The flame must be applied for 15 seconds and then removed. A minimum of 25 cm (10 inches) of specimen must be used for timing purposes, approximately 38 mm (1½ inches) must burn before the burning front reaches the timing zone, and the average burn rate must be recorded. (6) Forty-five degree test. A minimum of three specimens must be tested and the results averaged. The specimens must be supported at an angle of 45° to a horizontal surface. The exposed surface when installed in the aircraft must be face down for the test. The specimens must be exposed to a Bunsen or Tirrill burner with a nominal ⅜-inch (9·5 mm) I.D. tube adjusted to give a flame of 38 mm (1½ inches) in height. The minimum flame temperature measured by a calibrated thermocouple pyrometer in the centre of the flame must be 843°C (1550°F). Suitable precautions must be taken to avoid draughts. The flame must be applied for 30 seconds with one-third contacting the material at the centre of the specimen and then removed. Flame time, glow time, and whether the flame penetrates (passes through) the specimen must be recorded. (7) Sixty-degree test. A minimum of three specimens of each wire specification (make and size) must be tested. The specimen of wire or cable (including insulation) must be placed at an angle of 60° with the horizontal in the cabinet specified in sub-paragraph (3) of this paragraph with the cabinet door open during the test, or must be placed within a chamber approximately 61 cm (2 feet) high by 31 cm by 31 cm (1 foot by 1 foot), open at the top and at one vertical side (front), and which allows sufficient flow of air for complete combustion, but which is free from draughts. The specimen must be parallel to and approximately 15 cm (6 inches) from the front of the chamber. The lower end of the specimen must be held rigidly clamped. The upper end of the specimen must pass over a pulley or rod and must have an appropriate weight attached to it so that the specimen is held tautly throughout the flammability test. The test specimen span between lower clamp and upper pulley or rod must be 61 cm (24 inches) and must be marked 20 cm (8 inches) from the lower end to indicate the central point for flame application. A flame from a Bunsen or Tirrill burner must be applied for 30 seconds at the test mark. The burner must be mounted underneath the test mark on the specimen, perpendicular to the specimen and at an angle of 30° to the vertical plane of the specimen. The burner must have a nominal bore of 9·5 mm (⅜-inch) and be adjusted to provide a 76 mm (3- inch) high flame with an inner cone approximately one-third of the flame height. The minimum temperature of the hottest portion of the flame, as measured with a calibrated thermocouple pyrometer, may not be less than 954°C (1750°F). The burner must be positioned so that the hottest portion of the flame is applied to the test mark on the wire. Flame time, burn length, and flaming time of drippings, if any, must be recorded. The burn length determined in accordance with sub-paragraph (8) of this paragraph must be measured to the nearest 2·5 mm (tenth of an inch). Breaking of the wire specimens is not considered a failure. (8) Burn length. Burn length is the distance from the original edge to the farthest evidence of damage to the test specimen due to flame impingement, including areas of partial or complete consumption, charring, or embrittlement, but not including areas sooted, stained, warped, or discoloured, nor areas where material has shrunk or melted away from the heat source. Part II – Flammability of Seat Cushions (a) Criteria for Acceptance. Each seat cushion must meet the following criteria: (1) At least three sets of seat bottom and seat back cushion specimens must be tested. (2) If the cushion is constructed with a fire blocking material, the fire blocking material must completely enclose the cushion foam core material. (3) Each specimen tested must be fabricated using the principal components (i.e. foam core, flotation material, fire blocking material, if used, and dress covering) and assembly processes (representative seams and closures) intended for use in the production articles. If a different material combination is used for the back cushion than for the bottom cushion, both material combinations must be tested as complete specimen sets, each set consisting of a back cushion specimen and a bottom cushion specimen. If a cushion, including outer dress covering, is demonstrated to meet the requirements of this Appendix using the oil burner test, the dress covering of that cushion may be replaced with a similar dress covering provided the burn length of the replacement covering, as determined by the test specified in CS 25.853(a), does not exceed the corresponding burn length of the dress covering used on the cushion subjected to the oil burner test. (4) For at least two-thirds of the total number of specimen sets tested, the burn length from the burner must not reach the side of the cushion opposite the burner. The burn length must not exceed 43 cm (17 inches). Burn length is the perpendicular distance from the inside edge of the seat frame closest to the burner to the farthest evidence of damage to the test specimen due to flame impingement, including areas of partial or complete consumption, charring, or embrittlement, but not including areas sooted, stained, warped, or discoloured, or areas where material has shrunk or melted away from the heat source. (5) The average percentage weight loss must not exceed 10 percent. Also, at least twothirds of the total number of specimen sets tested must not exceed 10 percent weight loss. All droppings falling from the cushions and mounting stand are to be discarded before the after-test weight is determined. The percentage weight loss for a specimen set is the weight of the specimen set before testing less the weight of the specimen set after testing expressed as the percentage of the weight before testing. (b) Test Conditions. Vertical air velocity should average 13cm/s ± 5 cm/s (25 fpm ± 10 fpm) at the top of the back seat cushion. Horizontal air velocity should be below 51 mm/s (10 fpm) just above the bottom seat cushion. Air velocities should be measured with the ventilation hood operating and the burner motor off. (c) Test Specimens (1) For each test, one set of cushion specimens representing a seat bottom and seat back cushion must be used. (2) The seat bottom cushion specimen must be 457 ± 3 mm (18 ± 0·125 inches) wide by 508 ± 3 mm (20 ± 0·125 inches) deep by 102 ± 3 mm (4 ± 0·125 inches) thick, exclusive of fabric closures and seam overlap. (3) The seat back cushion specimen must be 457 ± 3 mm (18 ± 0·125 inches) wide by 635 ± 3 mm (25 ± 0·125 inches) high by 51 ± 3 mm (2 ± 0·125 inches) thick, exclusive of fabric closures and seam overlap. (4) The specimens must be conditioned at 21 ± 2°C (70 ± 5°F) 55% ± 10% relative humidity for at least 24 hours before testing. (d) Test Apparatus. The arrangement of the test apparatus is shown in Figure 1 through 5 and must include the components described in this paragraph. Minor details of the apparatus may vary, depending on the model burner used. (1) Specimen Mounting Stand. The mounting stand for the test specimens consists of steel angles, as shown in Figure 1. The length of the mounting stand legs is 305 ± 3mm (12 ± 0·125 inches). The mounting stand must be used for mounting the test specimen seat bottom and seat back, as shown in Figure 2. The mounting stand should also include a suitable drip pan lined with aluminium foil, dull side up. (2) Test Burner. The burner to be used in testing must – (i) Be a modified gun type; (ii) Have an 80-degree spray angle nozzle nominally rated for 8.5 l/hr (2·25 US gallons/hour) at 690 KPa (100 psi); (iii) Have a 31 cm (12-inch) burner cone installed at the end of the draft tube, with an opening 15 cm (6 inches) high and 28 cm (11 inches) wide, as shown in Figure 3; and (iv) Have a burner fuel pressure regulator that is adjusted to deliver a nominal 7.6 l/hr (2·0 US gallon/hour) of # 2 Grade kerosene or equivalent required for the test. (3) Calorimeter (i) The calorimeter to be used in testing must be a 0–17·0 Watts/cm2 (0– 15·0 BTU per ft2 sec) calorimeter, accurate ± 3%, mounted in a 15 by 31 cm (6-inch by 12-inch) by 19 mm (0·75 inch) thick calcium silicate insulating board which is attached to a steel angle bracket for placement in the test stand during burner calibration, as shown in Figure 4. (ii) Because crumbling of the insulating board with service can result in misalignment of the calorimeter, the calorimeter must be monitored and the mounting shimmed, as necessary, to ensure that the calorimeter face is flush with the exposed plane of the insulating board in a plane parallel to the exit of the test burner cone. (4) Thermocouples. The seven thermocouples to be used for testing must be 1.59 to 3.18 mm (0·0625 to 0·125 inch) metal sheathed, ceramic packed, type K, grounded thermocouples with a nominal 22 to 30 American wire gauge (AWG)-size conductor 0·643 mm (0·0253 inches) to 0·254 mm (0·010 inches) diameter. The seven thermocouples must be attached to a steel angle bracket to form a thermocouple rake for placement in the test stand during burner calibration as shown in Figure 5. (5) Apparatus Arrangement. The test burner must be mounted on a suitable stand to position the exit of the burner cone a distance of 102 ± 3 mm (4 ± 0·125 inches) from one side of the specimen mounting stand. The burner stand should have the capability of allowing the burner to be swung away from the specimen-mounting stand during warm-up periods. (6) Data Recording. A recording potentiometer or other suitable calibrated instrument with an appropriate range must be used to measure and record the outputs of the calorimeter and the thermocouples. (7) Weight Scale. Weighing Device – A device must be used that with proper procedures may determine the before and after test weights of each set of seat cushion specimens within 9 grams (0·02 pound). A continuous weighing system is preferred. (8) Timing Device. A stopwatch or other device (calibrated to ± 1 second) must be used to measure the time of application of the burner flame and self-extinguishing time or test duration. (e) Preparation of Apparatus. Before calibration, all equipment must be turned on and the burner fuel must be adjusted as specified in sub-paragraph (d)(2). (f) Calibration. To ensure the proper thermal output of the burner, the following test must be made: (1) Place the calorimeter on the test stand as shown in Figure 4 at a distance of 102-±3 mm (4 ± 0·125 inches) from the exit of the burner cone. (2) Turn on the burner, allow it to run for 2 minutes for warm-up, and adjust the burner air intake damper to produce a reading of 11·9 ± 0·6 Watts/cm2 (10·5 ± 0·5 BTU per ft2 sec) on the calorimeter to ensure steady state conditions have been achieved. Turn off the burner. (3) Replace the calorimeter with the thermocouple rake (Figure 5). (4) Turn on the burner and ensure that the thermocouples are reading 1038 ± 56°C (1900 ± 100°F) to ensure steady state conditions have been achieved. (5) If the calorimeter and thermocouples do not read within range, repeat steps in sub-paragraphs 1 to 4 and adjust the burner air intake damper until the proper readings are obtained. The thermocouple rake and the calorimeter should be used frequently to maintain and record calibrated test parameters. Until the specific apparatus has demonstrated consistency, each test should be calibrated. After consistency has been confirmed, several tests may be conducted with the pre-test calibration before and a calibration check after the series. (g) Test Procedures. The flammability of each set of specimens must be tested as follows: (1) Record the weight of each set of seat bottom and seat back cushion specimens to be tested to the nearest 9 grams (0·02 pound). (2) Mount the seat bottom and seat back cushion test specimens on the test stand as shown in Figure 2, securing the seat back cushion specimen to the test stand at the top. (3) Swing the burner into position and ensure that the distance from the exit of the burner cone to the side of the seat bottom cushion specimen is 102 ± 3 mm (4 ± 0·125 inches). (4) Swing the burner away from the test position. Turn on the burner and allow it to run for 2 minutes to provide adequate warm-up of the burner cone and flame stabilization. (5) To begin the test, swing the burner into the test position and simultaneously start the timing device. (6) Expose the seat bottom cushion specimen to the burner flame for 2 minutes and then turn off the burner. Immediately swing the burner away from the test position. Terminate test 7 minutes after initiating cushion exposure to the flame by use of an appropriate gaseous extinguishing agent. (7) Determine the weight of the remains of the seat cushion specimen set left on the mounting stand to the nearest 9 grams (0·02 pound ) excluding all droppings. (h) Test Report With respect to all specimen sets tested for a particular seat cushion for which testing of compliance is performed, the following information must be recorded: (1) An identification and description of the specimens being tested. (2) The number of specimen sets tested. (3) The initial weight and residual weight of each set, the calculated percentage weight loss of each set, and the calculated average percentage weight loss for the total number of sets tested. (4) The burn length for each set tested. FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3 FIGURE 4 FIGURE 5 Part III – Test Method to Determine Flame Penetration Resistance of Cargo Compartment Liners (a) Criteria for Acceptance (1) At least three specimens of cargo compartment sidewall or ceiling liner panels must be tested. (2) Each specimen tested must simulate the cargo compartment sidewall or ceiling liner panel, including any design features, such as joints, lamp assemblies, etc., the failure of which would affect the capability of the liner to safely contain a fire. (3) There must be no flame penetration of any specimen within 5 minutes after application of the flame source, and the peak temperature measured at 10 cm (4 inches) above the upper surface of the horizontal test sample must not exceed 204oC (400oF). (b) Summary of Method. This method provides a laboratory test procedure for measuring the capability of cargo compartment lining materials to resist flame penetration within a 7.6 l/hr (2 US gallons/hour) # 2 Grade kerosene or equivalent burner fire source. Ceiling and sidewall liner panels may be tested individually provided a baffle is used to simulate the missing panel. Any specimen that passes the test as a ceiling liner panel may be used as a sidewall liner panel. (c) Test Specimens (1) The specimen to be tested must measure 406 ± 3 mm (16 ± 0·125 inches) by 610 ± 3 mm (24 ± 0·125 inches). (2) The specimens must be conditioned at 70°F ± 5oF (21°C ± 2°C) and 55% ± 5% humidity for at least 24 hours before testing. (d) Test Apparatus. The arrangement of the test apparatus, which is shown in Figure 3 of Part II and Figures 1 through 3 of this Part of Appendix F, must include the components described in this paragraph. Minor details of the apparatus may vary, depending on the model of the burner used. (1) Specimen Mounting Stand. The mounting stand for the test specimens consists of steel angles as shown in Figure 1. (2) Test Burner. The burner to be used in testing must – (i) Be a modified gun type. (ii) Use a suitable nozzle and maintain fuel pressure to yield a 7.6 l/hr (2 US gallons/hour) fuel flow. For example: an 80-degree nozzle nominally rated at 8.5 l/hr (2·25 US gallons/hour) and operated at 586 Kpa (85 pounds per square inch) gauge to deliver 7.7 l/hr (2·03 US gallons/hour). (iii) Have a 31 cm (12 inch) burner extension installed at the end of the draft tube with an opening 15 cm (6 inches) high and 28 cm (11 inches) wide as shown in Figure 3 of Part II of this Appendix. (iv) Have a burner fuel pressure regulator that is adjusted to deliver a nominal 7.6 l/hr (2·0 US gallons/hour) of # 2 Grade kerosene or equivalent. (3) Calorimeter (i) The calorimeter to be used in testing must be a total heat flux Foil Type Gardon Gauge of an appropriate range, approximately 0–17·0 Watts/cm2 (0 to 15·0 BTU per ft2 sec). The calorimeter must be mounted in a 15 by 31 cm (6 inch by 12 inch) by 19 mm (0·75 of an inch) thick insulating block which is attached to a steel angle bracket for placement in the test stand during burner calibration as shown in Figure 2 of this Part of this Appendix. (ii) The insulating block must be monitored for deterioration and the mounting shimmed as necessary to ensure that the calorimeter face is parallel to the exit plane of the test burner cone. (4) Thermocouples. The seven thermocouples to be used for testing must be 1.59 mm (0·0625 of an inch) ceramic sheathed, type K, grounded thermocouples with a nominal 30 American wire gauge (AWG)-size conductor 0·254 mm (0·010 inches) diameter). The seven thermocouples must be attached to a steel angle bracket to form a thermocouple rake for placement in the stand during burner calibration as shown in Figure 3 of this Part of this Appendix. (5) Apparatus Arrangement. The test burner must be mounted on a suitable stand to position the exit of the burner cone a distance of 20 cm (8 inches) from the ceiling liner panel and 50 mm (2 inches) from the sidewall liner panel. The burner stand should have the capability of allowing the burner to be swung away from the test specimen during warm-up periods. (6) Instrumentation. A recording potentiometer or other suitable instrument with an appropriate range must be used to measure and record the outputs of the calorimeter and the thermocouples. (7) Timing Device. A stopwatch or other device must be used to measure the time of flame application and the time of flame penetration, if it occurs. (e) Preparation of Apparatus. Before calibration, all equipment must be turned on and allowed to stabilize, and the burner fuel flow must be adjusted as specified in sub-paragraph (d)(2). (f) Calibration. To ensure the proper thermal output of the burner the following test must be made: (1) Remove the burner extension from the end of the draft tube. Turn on the blower portion of the burner without turning the fuel or igniters on. Measure the air velocity using a hot wire anemometer in the centre of the draft tube across the face of the opening. Adjust the damper such that the air velocity is in the range of 7.9 m/s to 9.1 m/s (1550 to 1800 ft/min). If tabs are being used at the exit of the draft tube, they must be removed prior to this measurement. Reinstall the draft tube extension cone. (2) Place the calorimeter on the test stand as shown in Figure 2 at a distance of 20 cm (8 inches) from the exit of the burner cone to simulate the position of the horizontal test specimen. (3) Turn on the burner, allow it to run for 2 minutes for warm-up, and adjust the damper to produce a calorimeter reading of 9·1 ± 0·6 Watts/cm2 (8·0 ± 0·5 BTU per ft2 sec). (4) Replace the calorimeter with the thermocouple rake (see Figure 3). (5) Turn on the burner and ensure that each of the seven thermocouples reads 927°C ± 38°C (1700°F ± 100°F) to ensure steady state conditions have been achieved. If the temperature is out of this range, repeat steps 2 through 5 until proper readings are obtained. (6) Turn off the burner and remove the thermocouple rake. (7) Repeat (f)(1) to ensure that the burner is in the correct range. (g) Test Procedure (1) Mount a thermocouple of the same type as that used for calibration at a distance of 10 cm (4 inches) above the horizontal (ceiling) test specimen. The thermocouple should be centred over the burner cone. (2) Mount the test specimen on the test stand shown in Figure 1 in either the horizontal or vertical position. Mount the insulating material in the other position. (3) Position the burner so that flames will not impinge on the specimen, turn the burner on, and allow it to run for 2 minutes. Rotate the burner to apply the flame to the specimen and simultaneously start the timing device. (4) Expose the test specimen to the flame for 5 minutes and then turn off the burner. The test may be terminated earlier if flame penetration is observed. (5) When testing ceiling liner panels, record the peak temperature measured 101 mm (4 inches) above the sample. (6) Record the time at which flame penetration occurs if applicable. (h) Test Report. The test report must include the following: (1) A complete description of the materials tested including type, manufacturer, thickness, and other appropriate data. (2) Observations of the behaviour of the test specimens during flame exposure such as delamination, resin ignition, smoke, etc., including the time of such occurrence. (3) The time at which flame penetration occurs, if applicable, for each of three specimens tested. (4) Panel orientation (ceiling or sidewall). FIGURE 1 TEST APPARATUS FOR HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL MOUNTING FIGURE 2 CALORIMETER BRACKET FIGURE 3 THERMOCOUPLE RAKE BRACKET Part IV – Test Method to Determine the Heat Release Rate from Cabin Materials Exposed to Radiant Heat (See AMC to Appendix F, Part IV) (a) Summary of Method (1) The specimen to be tested is injected into an environmental chamber through which a constant flow of air passes. The specimen’s exposure is determined by a radiant heat source adjusted to produce the desired total heat flux on the specimen of 3·5 Watts/cm2, using a calibrated calorimeter. The specimen is tested so that the exposed surface is vertical. Combustion is initiated by piloted ignition. The combustion products leaving the chamber are monitored in order to calculate the release rate of heat. (b) Apparatus. The Ohio State University (OSU) rate of heat release apparatus as described below, is used. This is a modified version of the rate of heat release apparatus standardised by the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM), ASTM E-906. (1) This apparatus is shown in Figure 1. All exterior surfaces of the apparatus, except the holding chamber, shall be insulated with 25 mm thick, low density, high-temperature, fibreglass board insulation. A gasketed door through which the sample injection rod slides forms an airtight closure on the specimen hold chamber. (2) Thermopile. The temperature difference between the air entering the environmental chamber and that leaving is monitored by a thermopile having five hot and five cold, 24 gauge Chromel-Alumel junctions. The hot junctions are spaced across the top of the exhaust stack 10 mm below the top of the chimney. One thermocouple is located in the geometric centre; with the other four located 30 mm from the centre along the diagonal toward each of the corners (Figure 5). The cold junctions are located in the pan below the lower air distribution plate (see sub-paragraph (b)(4)). Thermopile hot junctions must be cleared of soot deposits as needed to maintain the calibrated sensitivity. (3) Radiation Source. A radiant heat source for generating a flux up to 100 kW/m2, using four silicon carbide elements, Type LL, 50·8 cm (20 inches) long by 15·8 mm (0·625 inch) O.D., nominal resistance 1·4 ohms, is shown in Figures 2A and 2B. The silicon carbide elements are mounted in the stainless steel panel box by inserting them through 15·9 mm holes in 0·8 mm thick ceramic fibreboard. Location of the holes in the pads and stainless steel cover plates are shown in Figure 2B. The diamond shaped mask of 19-gauge stainless steel is added to provide uniform heat flux over the area occupied by the 150 by 150 mm vertical sample. (4) Air Distribution System. The air entering the environmental chamber is distributed by a 6·3 mm thick aluminium plate having eight, No. 4 drill holes, 51 mm from sides on 102 mm centres, mounted at the base of the environmental chamber. A second plate of 18- gauge steel having 120, evenly spaced, No. 28 drill holes is mounted 150 mm above the aluminium plate. A well-regulated air supply is required. The air supply manifold at the base of the pyramidal section has 48, evenly spaced, No. 26 drill holes located 10 mm from the inner edge of the manifold so that 0·03 m3/second of air flows between the pyramidal sections and 0·01 m3/second flows through the environmental chamber when total air flow to apparatus is controlled at 0·04 m3/second. (5) Exhaust Stack. An exhaust stack, 133 mm by 70 mm in cross section, and 254 mm long, fabricated from 28-gauge stainless steel, is mounted on the outlet of the pyramidal section. A 25 mm by 76 mm plate of 31-gauge stainless steel is centred inside the stack, perpendicular to the airflow, 75 mm above the base of the stack. (6) Specimen Holders. The 150 mm x 150 mm specimen is tested in a vertical orientation. The holder (Figure 3) is provided with a specimen holder frame, which touches the specimen (which is wrapped with aluminium foil as required by sub-paragraph (d)(3)) along only the 6 mm perimeter, and a “V” shaped spring to hold the assembly together. A detachable 12 mm x 12 mm x 150 mm drip pan and two 0.51 mm (0·020 inch) stainless steel wires (as shown in Figure 3) should be used for testing of materials prone to melting and dripping. The positioning of the spring and frame may be changed to accommodate different specimen thicknesses by inserting the retaining rod in different holes on the specimen holder. Since the radiation shield described in ASTM E-906 is not used, a guide pin is added to the injection mechanism. This fits into a slotted metal plate on the injection mechanism outside of the holding chamber and can be used to provide accurate positioning of the specimen face after injection. The front surface of the specimen shall be 100 mm from the closed radiation doors after injection. The specimen holder clips onto the mounted bracket (Figure 3). The mounting bracket is attached to the injection rod by three screws, which pass through a wide area washer welded onto a 13 mm nut. The end of the injection rod is threaded to screw into the nut and a 5.1 mm thick wide area washer is held between two 13 mm nuts which are adjusted to tightly cover the hole in the radiation doors through which the injection rod or calibration calorimeter pass. (7) Calorimeter. A total-flux type calorimeter must be mounted in the centre of a 13 mm Kaowool “M” board inserted in the sample holder must be used to measure the total heat flux. The calorimeter must have a view angle of 180° and be calibrated for incident flux. The calorimeter calibration must be acceptable to the Agency. (8) Pilot-Flame Positions. Pilot ignition of the specimen must be accomplished by simultaneously exposing the specimen to a lower pilot burner and an upper pilot burner, as described in sub-paragraphs (b)(8)(i) and (b)(8)(ii), respectively. The pilot burners must remain lighted for the entire 5-minute duration of the test. (i) Lower Pilot Burner. The pilot-flame tubing must be 6·3 mm O.D., 0·8 mm wall, stainless steel tubing. A mixture of 120 cm3/min. of methane and 850 cm3/min. of air must be fed to the lower pilot flame burner. The normal position of the end of the pilot burner tubing is 10 mm from and perpendicular to the exposed vertical surface of the specimen. The centreline at the outlet of the burner tubing must intersect the vertical centreline of the sample at a point 5 mm above the lower exposed edge of the specimen. (ii) Upper Pilot Burner. The pilot burner must be a straight length of 6·3 mm O.D., 0·8 mm wall, stainless steel tubing 360 mm long. One end of the tubing shall be closed, and three No. 40 drill holes shall be drilled into the tubing, 60 mm apart, for gas ports, all radiating in the same direction. The first hole must be 5 mm from the closed end of the tubing. The tube is inserted into the environmental chamber through a 6·6 mm hole drilled 10 mm above the upper edge of the window frame. The tube is supported and positioned by an adjustable “Z” shaped support mounted outside the environmental chamber, above the viewing window. The tube is positioned above and 20 mm behind the exposed upper edge of the specimen. The middle hole must be in the vertical plane perpendicular to the exposed surface of the specimen, which passes through its vertical centreline and must be pointed toward the radiation source. The gas supplied to the burner must be methane adjusted to produce flame lengths of 25 mm. (c) Calibration of Equipment (1) Heat Release Rate. A burner as shown in Figure 4 must be placed over the end of the lower pilot flame tubing using a gas-tight connection. The flow of gas to the pilot flame must be at least 99% methane and must be accurately metered. Prior to usage, the wet test meter is properly levelled and filled with distilled water to the tip of the internal pointer while no gas is flowing. Ambient temperature and pressure of the water, are based on the internal wet test meter temperature. A baseline flow rate of approximately 1 litre/min. is set and increased to higher preset flows of 4, 6, 8, 6 and 4 litres/min. The rate is determined by using a stopwatch to time a complete revolution of the west test meter for both the baseline and higher flow, with the flow returned to baseline before changing to the next higher flow. The thermopile baseline voltage is measured. The gas flow to the burner must be increased to the higher preset flow and allowed to burn for 2·0 minutes, and the thermopile voltage must be measured. The sequence is repeated until all five values have been determined. The average of the five values must be used as the calibration factor. The procedure must be repeated if the percent relative standard deviation is greater than 5%. Calculations are shown in paragraph (f). (2) Flux Uniformity. Uniformity of flux over the specimen must be checked periodically and after each heating element change to determine if it is within acceptable limits of ± 5%. (d) Sample Preparation (1) The standard size for vertically mounted specimens is 150 x 150 mm with thicknesses up to 45 mm. (2) Conditioning. Specimens must be conditioned as described in Part 1 of this Appendix. (3) Mounting. Only one surface of a specimen will be exposed during a test. A single layer of 0·025 mm aluminium foil is wrapped tightly on all unexposed sides. (e) Procedure (1) The power supply to the radiant panel is set to produce a radiant flux of 3·5 Watts/cm2. The flux is measured at the point, which the centre of the specimen surface will occupy when positioned for test. The radiant flux is measured after the airflow through the equipment is adjusted to the desired rate. The sample should be tested in its end use thickness. (2) The pilot flames are lighted and their position, as described in sub-paragraph (b)(8), is checked. (3) The airflow to the equipment is set at 0·04 ± 0·001 m3/s at atmospheric pressure. Proper air flow may be set and monitored by either: (1) An orifice meter designed to produce a pressure drop of at least 200 mm of the manometric fluid, or by (2) a rotometer (variable orifice meter) with a scale capable of being read to ± 0·0004 m3/s. The stop on the vertical specimen holder rod is adjusted so that the exposed surface of the specimen is positioned 100 mm from the entrance when injected into the environmental chamber. (4) The specimen is placed in the hold chamber with the radiation doors closed. The airtight outer door is secured, and the recording devices are started. The specimen must be retained in the hold chamber for 60 seconds ± 10 seconds, before injection. The thermopile “zero” value is determined during the last 20 seconds of the hold period. (5) When the specimen is to be injected, the radiation doors are opened, the specimen is injected into the environmental chamber, and the radiation doors are closed behind the specimen. (6) Reserved. (7) Injection of the specimen and closure of the inner door marks time zero. A continuous record of the thermopile output with at least one data point per second must be made during the time the specimen is in the environmental chamber. (8) The test duration time is five minutes. (9) A minimum of three specimens must be tested. (f) Calculations (1) The calibration factor is calculated as follows: (F1 − F0) (210 · 8 − 22)kcal 273 P − PV mole CH4STP Kh = × (V1 − V2) mole WATTmin × × × × Ta 760 22 · 41 kW × . 01433 kcal 1000W F0 = Flow of methane at baseline (1pm) F1 = Higher preset flow of methane (1pm) V0 = Thermopile voltage at baseline (mv) V1 = Thermopile voltage at higher flow (mv) Ta = Ambient temperature (K) P = Ambient pressure (mm Hg) Pv = Water vapour pressure (mm Hg) (2) Heat release rates may be calculated from the reading of the thermopile output voltage at any instant of time as: HRR = HRR = Heat Release Rate kW/m2 Vm − Vb × Kh · 02323m2 Vm = Measured thermopile voltage (mv) Vb = Baseline voltage (mv) Kh = Calibration Factor (kW/mv) (3) The integral of the heat release rate is the total heat release as a function of time and is calculated by multiplying the rate by the data sampling frequency in minutes and summing the time from zero to two minutes. (g) Criteria. The total positive heat release over the first two minutes of exposure for each of the three or more samples tested must be averaged, and the peak heat release rate for each of the samples must be averaged. The average total heat release must not exceed 65 kilowatt-minutes per square metre, and the average peak heat release rate must not exceed 65 kilowatts per square metre. (h) Report. The test report must include the following for each specimen tested: (1) Description of the specimen. (2) Radiant heat flux to the specimen, expressed in Watts/cm2. (3) Data giving release rates of heat (in kW/m2) as a function of time, either graphically or tabulated at intervals no greater than 10 seconds. The calibration factor (Kh) must be recorded. (4) If melting, sagging, delaminating, or other behaviour that affects the exposed surface area or the mode of burning occurs, these behaviours must be reported, together with the time at which such behaviours were observed. (5) The peak heat release and the 2 minute integrated heat release rate must be reported. FIGURE 1. RELEASE RATE APPARATUS (Unless denoted otherwise, all dimensions are in millimetres.) FIGURE 2A. “GLOBAR” RADIANT PANEL (Unless denoted otherwise, all dimensions are in millimetres.) FIGURE 2B. “GLOBAR” RADIANT PANEL (Unless denoted otherwise, all dimensions are in millimetres.) FIGURE 3. (Unless denoted otherwise, all dimensions are in millimetres.) FIGURE 4. FIGURE 5. THERMOCOUPLE POSITION