§3.19 Changes in type design.

AIRPLANE CATEGORIES 3.20 Airplane categories. 3.23 Changes. 3.24 Minor changes. 3.25 Major changes. 3.26 Service experience changes. 3.27 Application to earlier airworthiness requirements. Approval of Materials, Parts, Processes, and Appliances 3.31 Specifications. Definitions 3.41 Standard atmosphere. 3.42 Hot-day condition. 3.43 Airplane configuration. 3.44 Weights. 3.45 Power. 3.46 Speeds. 3.47 Structural terms. 3.48 Susceptibility of materials to fire. Subpart B—Flight Requirements General 3.61 Policy re proof of compliance. 3.62 Flight test pilot. 3.61 Policy re proof of compliance. 3.63 Noncompliance with test requirements. 3.64 Emergency egress. 3.65 Report. Weight Range and Center of Gravity 3.71 Weight and balance. 3.72 Use of ballast. 3.73 Empty weight. 3.74 Maximum weight. 3.75 Minimum weight. 3.76 Center of gravity position. Performance Requirements General 3.81 Performance. 3.82 Definition of stalling speeds. 3.83 Stalling speed. Take-off 3.84 Take-off. Climb 3.85 Climb. Landing 3.86 Landing. Flight Characteristics 3.105 Requirements. Controllability 3.106 General. 3.107-U Approved acrobatic maneuvers. 3.108-A Acrobatic maneuvers. 3.109 Longitudinal control. 3.110 Lateral and directional control. 3.111 Minimum control speed (Vmc ). Trim 3.112 Requirements. Stability 3.113 General. 3.114 Static longitudinal stability. 3.115 Specific conditions. 3.116 Instrument stick force measurements. 3.117 Dynamic longitudinal stability. 3.118 Directional and lateral stability. Stalls 3.120 Stalling demonstration. 3.121 Climbing stalls. 3.122 Turning flight stalls. 3.123 One-engine-inoperative stalls. Spinning 3.124 Spinning. Ground and Water Characteristics 3.143 Requirements. 3.144 Longitudinal stability and control. 3.145 Directional stability and control. 3.146 Shock absorption. 3.147 Spray characteristics. Flutter and Vibration 3.159 Flutter and vibration. Subpart C—Strength Requirements General 3.171 Loads. 3.172 Factor of safety. 3.173 Strength and deformations. 3.174 Proof of structure. Flight Loads 3.181 General. 3.182 Definition of flight load factor. Symmetrical Flight Conditions (Flaps Retracted) 3.183 General. 3.184 Design air speeds. 3.185 Maneuvering envelope. 3.186 Maneuvering load factors. 3.187 Gust envelope. 3.188 Gust load factors. 3.189 Airplane equilibrium. Flaps Extended Flight Conditions 3.190 Flaps extended flight conditions. Unsymmetrical Flight Conditions 3.191 Unsymmetrical flight conditions. Supplementary Conditions 3.194 Special condition for rear lift truss. 3.195 Engine torque effects. 3.196 Side load on engine mount. Control Surface Loads 3.211 General. 3.212 Pilot effort. 3.213 Trim tab effects. Horizontal Tail Surfaces 3.214 Horizontal tail surfaces. 3.215 Balancing loads. 3.216 Maneuvering loads. 3.214 Horizontal tail surfaces. 3.217 Gust loads. 3.218 Unsymmetrical loads. Vertical Tail Surface 3.219 Maneuvering loads. 3.220 Gust loads. 3.221 Outboard fins. Ailerons, Wing Flaps, Tabs, Etc. 3.222 Ailerons. 3.223 Wing flaps. 3.224 Tabs. 3.225 Special devices. Control System Loads 3.231 Primary flight controls and systems. 3.232 Dual controls. 3.233 Ground gust conditions. 3.234 Secondary controls and systems. Ground Loads 3.241 Ground loads. 3.242 Design weight. 3.243 Load factor for landing conditions. Landing Cases and Attitudes 3.244 Landing cases and attitudes. 3.245 Level landing. 3.246 Tail down. 3.247 One-wheel landing. Ground Roll Conditions 3.248 Braked roll. 3.249 Side load. Tail Wheels 3.250 Supplementary conditions for tail wheels. 3.251 Obstruction load. 3.252 Side load. Nose Wheels 3.253 Supplementary conditions for nose wheels. 3.254 Aft load. 3.255 Forward load. 3.256 Side load. Skiplanes 3.257 Supplementary conditions for skiplanes. Water Loads